{"id":856,"date":"2024-04-12T21:00:58","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T19:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/?page_id=856"},"modified":"2024-04-12T21:11:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T19:11:09","slug":"erreur-de-la-pente-glissante","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/erreur-de-la-pente-glissante\/","title":{"rendered":"Slippery slope fallacy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"856\" class=\"elementor elementor-856\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a086a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a086a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column 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Science<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3a421b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3a421b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ae1bf5\" data-id=\"6ae1bf5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e606c6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e606c6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Page contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/erreur-de-la-pente-glissante\/#Erreur_de_la_pente_glissante_ou_erreur_de_la_pente_savoneuse\" >Slippery slope fallacy or slippery slope fallacy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/erreur-de-la-pente-glissante\/#Cause\" >Cause<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/erreur-de-la-pente-glissante\/#Exemples\" >Examples<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/erreur-de-la-pente-glissante\/#Comment_eviter_les_erreurs_de_la_pente_glissante\" >How to Avoid Slippery Slope Mistakes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erreur_de_la_pente_glissante_ou_erreur_de_la_pente_savoneuse\"><\/span>Slippery slope fallacy or slippery slope fallacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2c8a4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2c8a4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1ac9e1\" data-id=\"b1ac9e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24bb0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b24bb0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The slippery slope fallacy is an argument that an initial event or action will trigger a series of other events and lead to a <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/parfaire-la-section-resultats\/\">result<\/a> extreme or undesirable. The slippery slope fallacy anticipates this chain of events without offering any evidence to support this claim.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-49 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-150x150.png\" alt=\"erreur de la pente glissante\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-70x70.png 70w, https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-125x125.png 125w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9b9b17b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9b9b17b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e40d38\" data-id=\"5e40d38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665f691 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"665f691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cause\"><\/span>Cause<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c76eb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c76eb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f09349\" data-id=\"9f09349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f165412 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f165412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The slippery slope fallacy occurs when a person asserts that a relatively small step will lead to a chain of events that result in a drastic change or negative outcome. This statement is called a slippery slope argument.<\/p><p>this is <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/definir-la-problematique\/\">problematic<\/a> because the person assumes a cause and effect relationship between two or more events or outcomes without knowing for sure how things will turn out. This progression of actions or events is presented as inevitable and unstoppable (much like how one step on a slippery slope will cause one to fall and slide all the way to the bottom). However, little to no evidence is presented to support this claim.<\/p><p>People use the slippery slope fallacy as a rhetorical tool to incite fear or other negative emotions in their audience. It is often used to argue against a specific decision by adopting its extreme (hypothetical) consequences as if they were a certainty. This is a form of alarmism (or emotional appeal) that can be misleading because there is no evidence that these extreme consequences will actually materialize.<\/p><p>However, slippery slope arguments are not always negative or oppositional. It is possible to use the slippery slope argument to argue for a <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/ecrire-une-proposition-de-recherche\/\">proposal<\/a>. In this case, they appeal to positive emotions like optimism. For example: \u201cIf we give everyone a universal basic income, people will take the risk of starting their own businesses and ultimately become successful entrepreneurs. \u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb916e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb916e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bd19f1\" data-id=\"6bd19f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4db8fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4db8fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemples\"><\/span>Examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea230ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea230ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f7eb6d\" data-id=\"4f7eb6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8ad524 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8ad524\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Causal slippery slope arguments suggest that a minor initial action or event will inevitably lead to a series of others, with each event or action being the cause of the next in the sequence.<\/p><p>\u201cIf we lower the voting age to sixteen, then fifteen year olds will want to vote too, and before you know it, babies will vote too!\u201d \u00bb<\/p><p>Slippery slope arguments from precedent claim that if we treat a minor matter or problem in a specific way today, we will have to treat any major matter or problem that may arise in the future in the same way.<\/p><p>\u201cIf we allow deadline extensions for students who need to prepare for a job interview, then we will have to start allowing that for other non-urgent reasons, like going on vacation. So you might as well get rid of the deadlines, because they don\u2019t mean anything.\u201d<\/p><p>Slippery slope conceptual arguments assume that because we cannot distinguish between adjacent steps, we cannot distinguish between any steps at all.<\/p><p>\u201cThere is no essential difference between 199 and 200 grains of sand or between 200 and 201 grains, etc. So there is no difference between 1 grain of sand and 3 billion grains of sand.<\/p><p>Whatever form they take, slippery slope arguments are presented as a series of conditional propositions, such as &quot;if A, then B&quot; and &quot;if C, then D&quot;, the idea being that through a series of The intermediate stages, A implies D. they begin with a moderate claim and gradually escalate to an extreme end point with no possibility of stopping in between.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d1cb02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d1cb02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f4ff50\" data-id=\"2f4ff50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c4974 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7c4974\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comment_eviter_les_erreurs_de_la_pente_glissante\"><\/span>How to Avoid Slippery Slope Mistakes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9261057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9261057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6af4f7\" data-id=\"a6af4f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47429bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47429bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It&#039;s very simple: don&#039;t get carried away with your explanations; support all your comments with arguments and supporting evidence. Keep one idea per paragraph as long as <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/lire-et-resume-un-papier-scientifique\/\">to summarize<\/a> all in one paragraph (or you can get straight to the point in relationships <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/parfaire-la-conclusion\/\">conclusion<\/a>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Data Science Slippery slope fallacy or slippery slope fallacy The slippery slope fallacy... <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-856","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=856"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":875,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/856\/revisions\/875"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}