{"id":2079,"date":"2025-01-23T22:07:49","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T21:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/?page_id=2079"},"modified":"2025-01-23T22:16:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T21:16:48","slug":"theorie-a-base-empirique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/theorie-a-base-empirique\/","title":{"rendered":"Empirically based theory"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2079\" class=\"elementor elementor-2079\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e483bb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e483bb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf8eb5c\" data-id=\"cf8eb5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b099bc elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9b099bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Welcome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6fc28f\" data-id=\"b6fc28f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eca7943 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"eca7943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Data Science<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d3322f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d3322f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f72c43\" data-id=\"8f72c43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d11ff0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d11ff0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Page contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/theorie-a-base-empirique\/#Plan_scientifique_theorie_a_base_empirique\" >Scientific plan: empirically based theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/theorie-a-base-empirique\/#Methodes_et_methodologies\" >Methods and methodologies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/theorie-a-base-empirique\/#Bonnes_pratiques\" >Good practices<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/theorie-a-base-empirique\/#Ce_quil_faut_eviter\" >What to avoid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/theorie-a-base-empirique\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plan_scientifique_theorie_a_base_empirique\"><\/span>Scientific plan: empirically based theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f2902b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f2902b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18a71d2\" data-id=\"18a71d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76bde56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76bde56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Grounded theory is a qualitative approach that focuses on developing theories that emerge directly from systematically collected and analyzed data. Its goal is to construct new theoretical frameworks that explain phenomena based on the lived experiences, behaviors, and processes of participants. For example, grounded theory can be used to develop a framework for understanding how individuals cope with major life transitions, such as career changes or moving. This approach is widely used in fields such as sociology, psychology, health care, and education.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-49 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc.png\" alt=\"th\u00e9orie \u00e0 base empirique\" width=\"238\" height=\"203\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0fe938b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0fe938b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0fde3\" data-id=\"0b0fde3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c76c8fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c76c8fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Methodes_et_methodologies\"><\/span>Methods and methodologies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be22f50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be22f50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da88fb3\" data-id=\"da88fb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34b41e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34b41e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Iterative data collection<\/strong> \u2013 Grounded theory uses an iterative process for data collection, where insights from ongoing analysis inform subsequent data collection. This dynamic approach allows researchers to refine the <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/definir-les-questions-scientifiques\/\">questions<\/a> and explore emerging concepts as they develop. For example, interviews may start broadly and evolve to focus on specific themes or gaps identified in previous cycles.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/\">Methodology<\/a> :<\/strong><\/p><p>Data is collected using <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/parfaire-la-methodologie\/\">methods<\/a> qualitative methods such as interviews, focus groups, or direct observations. Researchers document their ideas and thoughts through memos, which serve as an essential tool for tracking theoretical developments. Data collection continues until theoretical saturation is reached, meaning no new themes or concepts emerge. This process ensures that the resulting theory is well grounded in the data.<\/p><p><strong>Open, axial and selective coding<\/strong> \u2013 Coding is the cornerstone of data analysis in grounded theory, involving three key phases to organize and interpret data:<\/p><p>Open coding: Data are broken down into smaller units, such as sentences or phrases, to identify initial concepts. For example, in a study of work adjustment, codes might include \u201cteam support,\u201d \u201cstress management,\u201d and \u201ctraining programs.\u201d<\/p><p>Axial coding: Connections between initial codes are identified, organizing them into categories and subcategories. For example, \u201cteam support\u201d can be linked to broader categories such as \u201ccollaborative culture\u201d and \u201cjob satisfaction.\u201d<\/p><p>Selective coding: A central category is identified to integrate and unify themes into a coherent theory that explains the phenomenon being studied.<\/p><p><strong>Methodology:<\/strong><\/p><p>Researchers segment data and assign codes during open coding, then organize and connect these codes during axial coding. The final step, selective coding, involves developing a central narrative or framework that ties all categories together. This process is iterative and reflexive, ensuring that theory remains deeply connected to the data.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b4e9e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b4e9e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3270223\" data-id=\"3270223\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca8e5d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca8e5d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bonnes_pratiques\"><\/span>Good practices<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-95e3ac3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95e3ac3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98c2629\" data-id=\"98c2629\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf75fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cf75fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Take part in an iterative analysis:<\/strong><br \/>Let them <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/parfaire-la-section-resultats\/\">results<\/a> of each stage of the analysis guide subsequent data collection and refine the direction of the research.<\/p><p><strong>Maintain theoretical sensitivity:<\/strong><br \/>Stay open to unexpected results and let data guide theory development rather than imposing pre-existing frameworks.<\/p><p><strong>Use memos extensively:<\/strong><br \/>Write detailed memos throughout the research process to document analytic ideas, coding decisions, and reflections on emerging themes.<\/p><p><strong>Reaching theoretical saturation:<\/strong><br \/>Continue data collection until no new themes or concepts are identified, ensuring that the theory is complete and well supported.<\/p><p><strong>Collaborate with peers:<\/strong><br \/>Participate in peer debriefing or collaborative coding to validate results, improve rigor, and minimize researcher bias.<\/p><p><strong>Stay flexible:<\/strong><br \/>Adapt questions, methods, and focus as new themes or directions emerge during the analysis process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b80b4b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b80b4b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c23c88d\" data-id=\"c23c88d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3986307 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3986307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_quil_faut_eviter\"><\/span>What to avoid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52fb505 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52fb505\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6fb95a\" data-id=\"c6fb95a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45121ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45121ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Premature theorizing:<\/strong><br \/>Developing a theory too early in the research process without sufficient data undermines its credibility and validity.<\/p><p><strong>Rigid frames:<\/strong><br \/>Imposing pre-existing theories or frameworks contradicts the exploratory nature of grounded theory and limits innovation.<\/p><p><strong>Overgeneralization:<\/strong><br \/>Avoid drawing conclusions that go beyond the scope of the data, as grounded theory favors depth over breadth.<\/p><p><strong>Ignore negative cases:<\/strong><br \/>Failure to address data that contradicts emerging trends can lead to incomplete or biased theories.<\/p><p><strong>Lack of transparency:<\/strong><br \/>Failure to fully document the coding and analysis process reduces the credibility and reproducibility of the study.<\/p><p><strong>Data overload:<\/strong><br \/>Collecting excessive data without iterative analysis risks overwhelming the researcher and diluting the study&#039;s objective.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ccee1a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ccee1a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cb7d20\" data-id=\"6cb7d20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34cafe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b34cafe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a03754e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a03754e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3aa50e\" data-id=\"b3aa50e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5bdf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa5bdf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Grounded theory research design is a dynamic, iterative approach to developing theories that are deeply grounded in real-world data. Using methods such as iterative data collection and open, axial, and selective coding, researchers can create robust frameworks that explain complex phenomena. Adherence to best practices, including achieving theoretical saturation, maintaining flexibility, and transparently documenting the process, ensures the validity and trustworthiness of grounded theory studies. This approach makes valuable contributions to theoretical advances and practical applications across a variety of disciplines.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Data Science Scientific plan: empirically based theory Empirically based theory, or grounded theory (Grounded Theory \u2026 <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2079","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2079"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2087,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2079\/revisions\/2087"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}