{"id":1371,"date":"2024-05-23T22:12:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T20:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/?page_id=1371"},"modified":"2024-05-23T22:21:23","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T20:21:23","slug":"champ-operationnel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/champ-operationnel\/","title":{"rendered":"Operational scope of Project 101"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1371\" class=\"elementor elementor-1371\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50d6824 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50d6824\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b835b2\" data-id=\"3b835b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82b2494 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"82b2494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Welcome<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf34323\" data-id=\"bf34323\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3665712 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3665712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/complex-systems-ai.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Data Science<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-948d680 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"948d680\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2cb5ce3\" data-id=\"2cb5ce3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c590679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c590679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This chapter explores the essential initial phase of any construction project. <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/\">research<\/a> : the operational scope \u2014 identifying relevant scientific keywords and conducting comprehensive literature reviews. This process is crucial for positioning the research within the existing body of knowledge, ensuring innovation and relevance of the project&#039;s contributions.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-49 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-150x150.png\" alt=\"champ op\u00e9rationnel\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-70x70.png 70w, https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/logo_sc-125x125.png 125w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13cc5d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13cc5d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8799193\" data-id=\"8799193\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bcd7ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0bcd7ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Page contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/champ-operationnel\/#Analyse_du_champ_operationnel\" >Analysis of the operational field<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/champ-operationnel\/#Revue_systematique_de_la_litterature\" >Systematic literature review<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/champ-operationnel\/#Sessions_de_Mindmapping\" >Mindmapping sessions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Analyse_du_champ_operationnel\"><\/span>Analysis of the operational field<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fffb1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fffb1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66041f7\" data-id=\"66041f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4785f3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4785f3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This strategy involves a detailed review of project documentation to extract key terms that are essential to understanding the project scope:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Extraction of key concepts<\/strong> : Identification and extraction of central themes, technologies and <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/parfaire-la-methodologie\/\">methods<\/a> described in the project specifications. These form the basis of the initial set of keywords.<\/li><li><strong>Breaking down complex terms<\/strong> : Breaking down complex concepts into simpler terms that could be used independently in the literature.<\/li><li><strong>Synthesis of multidisciplinary terms<\/strong> : For projects spanning multiple disciplines, identifying keywords that connect these areas can reveal interdisciplinary research often rich in innovative solutions.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0eed85e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0eed85e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91324b2\" data-id=\"91324b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-499e73c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"499e73c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revue_systematique_de_la_litterature\"><\/span>Systematic literature review<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-486c3f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"486c3f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-484cb32\" data-id=\"484cb32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e69719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e69719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Conducting a systematic literature review requires skill in the use of scientific databases and the implementation of structured methodologies. This section covers the training aspects necessary to enable researchers to effectively find and evaluate relevant literature.<\/p><p>Choosing the right databases is crucial to access quality research relevant to the field of study. Provide an overview of available scientific databases, highlighting their areas of focus and strengths. For example, PubMed for biomedical sciences, IEEE Xplore for engineering, Scopus for multidisciplinary scientific content, and others specific to disciplines like economics or psychology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0486999 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0486999\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6b3b9c\" data-id=\"b6b3b9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ff8ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13ff8ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sessions_de_Mindmapping\"><\/span>Mindmapping sessions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-390fbc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"390fbc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8915435\" data-id=\"8915435\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b6f23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3b6f23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Engaging with subject matter experts and project stakeholders through brainstorming sessions can produce a wider range of keywords, including those that might not be immediately obvious:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Expert input<\/strong> : Subject matter experts can provide insights into alternative terminologies and emerging trends related to project themes.<\/li><li><strong>Stakeholder Perspectives<\/strong> : Different stakeholders may use varying terms for similar concepts, thereby enriching the keyword pool to cover a wider range of relevant literature.<\/li><\/ul><p>To broaden keyword research and ensure comprehensive coverage of the literature, the use of subject-specific thesauri and dictionaries is recommended:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Using thesaurus<\/strong> : A thesaurus can help find synonyms, antonyms, and related terms, broadening search terms to include both broader and narrower terms.<\/li><li><strong>Subject-specific dictionaries<\/strong> : These resources are invaluable for understanding the specific terminology used in a field, especially for technical or niche fields.<\/li><\/ul><p>Expanding the search by including broader and narrower terms related to key concepts ensures in-depth exploration of related topics:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Hierarchical expansion<\/strong> : Identification of hierarchical relationships in terms (for example, \u201cheart disease\u201d is broader than \u201cmyocardial infarction\u201d).<\/li><li><strong>Related terms<\/strong> : Inclusion of terms that are not synonyms but are closely related in context (for example, \u201csolar energy\u201d and \u201cphotovoltaics\u201d).<\/li><\/ul><p>Implementing feedback loops during the keyword identification process improves the relevance and comprehensiveness of search terms:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Preliminary research<\/strong> : Carrying out preliminary research with the initial keywords to assess the relevance of the <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/parfaire-la-section-resultats\/\">results<\/a>. Adjustments are made based on the results to refine the keyword list.<\/li><li><strong>Iterative refinement<\/strong> : Continuous refinement of keywords through repeated searches and expert consultations until the searches produce comprehensive and relevant results.<\/li><\/ul><p>These strategies ensure that the identified keywords are closely aligned with the project specifications and comprehensive enough to capture all relevant literature, thus laying a solid foundation for a <a href=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/cours-de-methodologie\/etat-de-lart-scientifique\/\">literature review<\/a> systematic and thorough.<\/p><p>Most of the time, a project (depending on its maturity) may not use the same keywords as the scientific fields. Feedback loops aim to refine a mindmap by adding the right keywords and broadening the scope of solutions by proposing new ways of understanding the primal problem. Note that a problem can be broken down and solved in a variety of ways. Finding them improves the prism of methods that can be used, and therefore the choice of those to use in the project.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1375 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ChampOperationnel.png\" alt=\"Champ Op\u00e9rationnel\" width=\"699\" height=\"658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ChampOperationnel.png 699w, https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ChampOperationnel-300x282.png 300w, https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ChampOperationnel-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Data Science This chapter explores the essential initial phase of any research project: the operational field \u2014 \u2026 <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1371","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1371"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1381,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1371\/revisions\/1381"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guillaume-guerard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}